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You are at:Home»Batch pans»Batch Vacuum Pan Design Calculation | Sugarprocesstech | Sugar Technology

Batch Vacuum Pan Design Calculation | Sugarprocesstech | Sugar Technology

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This article discussed 80 MT capacity batch vacuum pan design calculation of the Heating surface, Number of tubes, Dia of the downtake and tube plate, Graining volume, Dia of the vapour doom, Height of the top cone, Dia of vapour inlet and outlet pipelines , Pipeline dia of noxious gases, Dia of condensate pipeline, Dia of Massecuite discharge, Calendria shell thickness and tube plate thicknesses 

Batch Vacuum Pan Calculation in sugar industry | Crystallization process

Capacity required for crystallization process equipment like supply tanks, Capacity of Batch/continuous pans, condensers, molasses conditioners, spray pond, crystallizers capacity .. etc.

Please go through the below link for complete information regarding the above topics

Capacity Calculation of Pan Section

Basic design aspects of vacuum pan    Click Here

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  • Design of 80 MT capacity Batch Pan
    • 1. Heating Surface :
    • 2. Number of tubes
    • 3. Dia of the Downtake and tube plate:
    • 4. Graining volume of the batch vacuum pan
    • 5. Srike height:
    • 6. Dia of the Vapour Dome (Dd)
    • 7. Height of the top cone part
    • 8. Vapour inlet and outlet line dia
    • 9. Vapour space height (Free space above the massecuite level up to top cone )
    • 10. Noxious gases connections/ Non-condensable gases (NCG)
    • 11. Dia of massecuite discharge
    • 12. Dia of Condensate piping
    • 13. Calendria shell thickness
    • 14. Tube Plate thickness

Design of 80 MT capacity Batch Pan

1. Heating Surface :

The heating surface is calculated based on S/V ratio

For  batch pan with 3rd vapour  has a heating medium it will be 6.6 to 6.7 m2/m3

Formula = S/ V = 6.6

Srike volume = Weight/density of massecuite  = 80 MT / 1.42 MT / m3 =  56.33 m3 ≈ 57 m3 = 570 HL

Heating surface required = 57 x 6.6 = 376 m2

2. Number of tubes

Generally, the specifications of tubes for batch vacuum pans as follows

102 mm OD  / 16 g ( 1.625 mm) / 800 mm length

Formula : S = Π x D x L  x N

Here

  • S = heating surface area of the pan in m2
  • D = Mean dia of tube in m  ( OD – thickness of tube )
  • D   = 102 – 1.625 = 100.375 mm
  • L = Effective Length of the tube in m ( Total length – 2 x Tube plate thickness – 2 x Tube expansion elevation and projection of the tube )
  • L = 800 -( 2 x 32) – (2 x 5) = 800 – 64 – 10 = 726 mm
  • N = Number of the tubes

So   N = 376 / ( 3.14 x 0.726 x 0.100375 ) = 1643 nos.

3. Dia of the Downtake and tube plate:

 \text{Formula: Area of the tube plate} = N \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} (P)^2 \times 1.2 + \text{Down take area}

  • Here N = Number of the tubes
  • P = Pitch of the tube in m

Considered 20% extra area to arrange vapour distribution in calendria of batch vacuum pan

Here first we calculate the required dia for down take

It is calculated based on the circulation ratio of the pan and it is generally maintained minimum 2.5

Circulation Ratio = Cross Section Areqa of the Tubes / Area of the Downtake

Total cross-section area of the tubes (A) in m2  = N x ( Π /4) x ID2

A = 1643 x 0.785 x ( 0.09875)2 = 12.58 m2

Area of the down take ( AD )in m2 = 12.58 / 2.5 = 5.032 m2

 \text{Dia of the down take} = \sqrt{1.27 \times A_{D}} = 2.53 \, \text{m} = 2500 \, \text{mm}

Pitch of the Tube

Legment of the tubes for vacuum pan = 16 mm

So Pitch of the tube = OD + legment + Tube tolerance + Hole tolerance

Pitch of the tube  P = 102 + 16 + 0.5 + 0.1 = 118.6 mm

Area of the tube plate A in m2= 1643 x 0.866 x (0.1186 )2 x 1. 2 + 5.032

A = 24.02 + 5.032 = 29.05 m2

 \text{Dia of the tube plate (D_{TP}) in m} = \sqrt{1.27 \times A}

DTP  = 6100 mm

Generally, dia of the downtake is maintained at 40% on tube plate dia for proper circulation of massecuite in pan.

Here 6100 x 40 % = 2440 mm ( As per the above calculation it is 2500 mm. So it is OK )

4. Graining volume of the batch vacuum pan

Please go through the below link for complete information regarding this topic

The Concept of Graining Volume of the Batch Pan

Batch Vacuum Pan Calculation in sugar industry | Crystallization process | pan boiling calculation | vertical continuous vacuum pan | Graining vollume calculation in batch pan of sugar industry | Sugarprocesstech

Sl.no. Description Formula Values UOM
Input Data
1  Capacity of pan 80 T
2  No. of tubes N 1643 nos.
3  Tube thickness t 1.6 mm
4  Tube Length H1 800 mm
5  Tube OD OD 102 mm
6  Dia of pan D1 6100 mm
7  Dia of the down take D2 2500 mm
8  Dia of bottom inverted cone D3 2200 mm
9  Height of the bottom ring H2 50 mm
10  Angle of bottom cone α 18 Deg
11  Angle of bottom inverted cone Φ 35 Deg
Graining Volume Calculation
1  ID of the tube ID = OD – 2t 98.8
2  Volume of massecuite in tubes Q1 = 0.785 x ID x ID x H1 x N 10.07 M3
3  Volume of downtake Q2 = 0.785 x D2 x D2 x H1 3.93 M3
4  Volume of the bottom ring Q3 = 0.785 x D1 x D1 x H2 1.46 M3
5  Height of the bottom cone h 1 = [(D1 – D3)/2 ] x TAN α 633.59 mm
6  A1 0.785 x (D1)2 29.21 M2
7 A2 0.785 x (D3)2 3.80 M2
8  Volume of the bottom cone Q4 = h/3 (A1+A2+√A1A2) 9.20 M3
9  Height of the bottom inverted cone h2 = [( D3)/2 ] x TAN Φ 770.23 mm
10  Volume of the inverted cone Q5 = 1/3 x 0.785 x (D3)2 h2 0.98 M3
11  Graining Volume Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 – Q5 23.68 M3
42.0 %

5. Srike height:

Formula : Strick height ( Hs) in m = Volume of the massecuite above the tube plate in m3 / ( 0.785 x ID2 of the vapour space in m)

Here

Volume of the massecuite above the tube plate = Strike volume – graining volume

= 57 m3 – 23.68 m3 = 33.32 m3

ID of the vapour space = ID of the tube plate = 6100 mm  – ( 2 x thickness of the vapour shell)

= 6100 – (2 x 16)  = 6068 mm

Hs = 33.32 / [0.785 x (6.068)2] = 1.152 m = 1150 mm

6. Dia of the Vapour Dome (Dd)

 \text{Dia of the vapour dome in meters } = \sqrt{ \frac{4}{\pi} \times \frac{\text{Volume of Vapour}}{\text{Velocity of Vapour}} }

Here  Volume of the vapour = Heating surface of pan x Evaporation rate x Specific volume of the vapour at 700 mm of Hg vacuum

The evaporation rate of the batch vacuum pans depends on type of the massecuites

The average evaporation rate in Batch Pans is considered as follows

  • For ‘A ‘ Massecuite – 60 kg/m² /hr ,
  • For ‘B’ Massecuite – 55 kg/m² /hr
  • And for ‘ C’ Massecuite – 50 kg/m² /hr

 \text{So volume of the vapour} = 376 \times 60 \times 11.04 = 249062 \, \text{m}^3/\text{hr} \left( \text{m}^2 \times \frac{\text{kg}}{\text{m}^2 \times \text{hr}} \times \frac{\text{m}^3}{\text{kg}} \right)

= 249062 / 3600 = 69.18 m3 /sec

Vapour velocity through the doom to be considered as 25 m/sec

Dd =  √ 1.27 x ( 69.18 / 25 )  = 1.874 m  ≈  1900 mm

7. Height of the top cone part

 \text{Formula: Height of the top cone } H_{TC} = \frac{D_{TP} - D_{d}}{2} \times \tan \alpha

Here DTP  = ID of the tube plate in mm = 6100 – (2 x 16) = 6068 mm

Dd = Dia of the top doom = 1900  – (2 x 18) = 1864 mm
∝  = Angle of the cone = 18o ( Generally, it is in the range of 18o to 20o )

HTC = [ (6068 – 1864) /2 ] x Tan 18o

= 2102 x 0.325 = 683 mm

8. Vapour inlet and outlet line dia

 \text{Vapour Inlet pipe dia} = \sqrt{ \frac{4}{\pi} \times \frac{\text{Volume of Vapour}}{\text{Velocity of Vapour}} }

S.No Description Value UOM
1  Heating surface of the pan 376 m2
2  Evaporation rate 60 kgs/m2/hr
3  Pan Inlet Vapour Temperature 94 oC
4  Pan Outlet Vapour Temperature 52 oC
5  Pan Inlet Vapour Velocity 35 m/sec
6  Pan Outlet Vapour Velocity 55 m/sec
Result
1  Specific volume of Pan inlet vapour pan boiling calculation2.0510 M3/kg
2  Specific volume of Pan Outlet vapour 10.98 M3/kg
3  Volume of the pan inlet vapour 12.853 M3/sec
4  Volume of the pan outlet vapour 68.81 M3/sec
5  Pan Inlet vapour Line Dia 0.684 mtrs
 Say 700 mm
6  Pan Outlet vapour Line Dia 1.262 mm
Say 1300 mm

9. Vapour space height (Free space above the massecuite level up to top cone )

Generally, the Vapour space required above the massecuite level is minimum 1500 mm.

10. Noxious gases connections/ Non-condensable gases (NCG)

Generally, The removal of non-condensable gases requires a 1 cm2 area for  10 m2   heating surface of the vacuum pan

SO Cross section area of non-condensable gases pipeline in cm2 = Heating surface in m2 /10

= 376 /10  = 37.6 cm2

 \text{Dia of each NCG pipeline} = \sqrt{ \frac{\text{Total area of the NCG in m}^2/\text{sec}}{0.785  \times \text{No. of extraction points}} }

Here considered 6 nos. of non-condensable connections.

So Dia of the each non condensable gases pipe line  = √ 376 / (0.785 x 6 ) = 2.82 cm ≈ 32 mm

Non condensable gas connections = 32 mm x 6 nos.

11. Dia of massecuite discharge

Dia of the massecuite discharge =   \sqrt{\frac{\text{Volume of the massecuite}}{0.785 \times \text{Time required for massecuite discharge in sec} \times \text{Velocity of the massecuite}}}

  • Strike Volume = 56.33 m3
  • Time required for massecuite discharge = 10 to 15 min.
  • Velocity of massecuite = 0.15 m/sec
  • Dia of the massecuite discharge = √  56.33 / ( 0.785 x 12 x 60 x 0.15 ) = 0.815 m   ≈ 800 mm

12. Dia of Condensate piping

Generally, for 80 MT pan condensate withdrawal points required minimum 2 nos. It is better to go with 3 nos. of  connections.

 \text{Dia of each condensate line} = \sqrt{ \frac{\text{Volume of condensate in m}^3/\text{sec}}{0.785 \times \text{Velocity of condensate} \times \text{No. of condensate extraction points}} }

Volume of the condensate =  [Heating surface X Evap. Rate ] / [ Density of water x 3600].

= 376 x 60 / ( 1 x 3600 )

= 22.560 / 3600 = 0.00627 m3 /sec

Dia of the each condensate line = √  0.00627 / ( 0.785 x 1 x  3  ) = 0.052  ≈ 80 mm

13. Calendria shell thickness

 \text{Formula: Calendria shell thickness (ts) in mm} = \frac{P \times D_{i}}{(2 \times f \times J) - P} + C \cdot A

Here

  • P = Hydraulic test pressure  in kg/cm2    = 3 kg/cm2
  • Di = ID of the Calendria in mm  = 6100 – ( 2 x 16) = 6068 mm ( Here 16 mm considered for shell thickness for calculation purpose)
  • F = Allowable stress in kg/cm2   = For Mild steel it sis considered as 1400 kg/cm2
  • J = Welding Joint efficiency in mm = 0.75 mm
  • C= corrosion allowance in mm  = 3.0 mm
  • t s ={ 3.0 x 6068 / [ ( 2 x 1400 x 0.75 ) – 3 ] } + 3  = 12 mm

But according to standard specifications  calendric and body shell plate thickness for the 80 MT pan is 18 mm and for the bottom saucer is 25 mm

14. Tube Plate thickness

 \text{Tube plate thickness (tp) in mm} = F \times G \times \frac{0.25 \times P}{f} + C \cdot A

 F = \sqrt{ \frac{K}{f + 3K} }

 K = \frac{E_{s} \times t_{s} \times (D_{o} - t_{s})}{E_{t} \times t_{t} \times N_{t} \times (D_{t} - t_{t})}

Here

  • C . A = corrosion allowance in mm  = 1.5 mm
  • f  = Allowable stress in kg/cm2  = 1400kg/cm2
  • P = Design pressure in kg/cm2 = 2.72  kg/cm2
  • Es = Modulus factor for MS sheet in kg/cm2  = 2.1 x 106 Kg/cm2
  • Et = Modulus factor for SS sheet in kg/cm2  = 1.9 x 106 Kg/cm2
  • G = ID of the shell in mm  = 6068 mm
  • ts = Thickness of the shell in mm  = 18 mm
  • tt = Thickness of tube in mm = 1.625 mm
  • do= OD of the tube in mm = 102 mm
  • Do = OD of the calendria sheet in mm  = 6100 mm
  • Nt = Number of tubes = 1643 nos.
  •  K = \frac{2.1 \times 10^6 \times 18 \times (6100 - 18)}{1.9 \times 10^6 \times 1.625 \times 1643 \times (102 - 1.625)}
  • K = 0.4515
  • F = √  0.4515 / [ 2 + 3(0.4515)] = 0.3669
  • tp = 0.3669 x 6068 x √ (0.25 x 2.75 /1400) + 1.5 = 50.56 mm

According to standard specification, 36 mm thickness is sufficient for 80 MT  tube plate.

Batch Vacuum Pan Calculation in sugar industry | Crystallization process | pan boiling calculation | vertical continuous vacuum pan

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