Definitions in Steam Properties and Online Steam Table For Saturated steam

Properties of Steam like Sensible Heat , Latent heat , Total Heat

In Sugar process industry Equipment Design and drawing calculations, the properties of saturated steam are involved at every step. So we understand some definitions in steam properties:

Steam Properties and Online Steam Table For Saturated steam-sugarprocesstech.com

Enthalpy:

Enthalpy can understand in the simple way by the following. (here not  considered for use enthalpy in thermodynamics).

The terms formerly known as “heat of water” (sensible heat), “heat of evaporation” (latent heat) and “total heat of steam” are now  known as the “enthalpy of (saturated) water”, “enthalpy of evaporation” and “enthalpy of saturated steam” respectively.

Similarly, the term total heat of superheated steam is now known as “enthalpy of superheated steam”. Enthalpy of evaporation is the difference between enthalpy of dry saturated steam and enthalpy of (saturated) water, i.e,

Enthalpy of evaporation = Enthalpy of dry saturated steam – Enthalpy of boiling water

Generally it is expressed in Kcal/kg or KJ/kg

Sensible Heat (Specific enthalpy of water):

Sensible heat is the energy required to change the temperature of a substance with no phase change.

When an object is heated, its temperature rises as heat is added. The increase in heat is called sensible heat. Similarly, when heat is removed from an object and its temperature falls, the heat removed is also called sensible heat. Heat that causes a change in temperature in an object without phase change is called sensible heat.

Latent heat (Enthalpy of  Evaporation or vaporization)

An amount of heat required to convert its phase of one kilogram of water at a given temperature.

All pure substances in nature are able to change their state. Solids can become liquids (ice to water) and liquids can become gases (water to vapor) but changes such as these require the addition or removal of heat. The heat that causes these changes is called latent heat.

Sensible Heat Vs Latent heat

Latent and sensible heat are types of energy released or absorbed in the atmosphere.  Latent heat is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and solids.  Sensible heat is related to changes in temperature of a gas or object with no change in phase.

Total Heat or Specific enthalpy of the steam:

It is the total heat contained in 1 kg of steam. Total heat is the sum of the enthalpy of the various states, liquid (water) and gas (vapour) and also total heat can defined as the total amount of heat received by 1 kg of water from OoC at constant pressure to convert it to desired form of steam.

Specific volume of steam:

Volume occupied in M3 by 1 kg of steam. The value in cubic metre per kg of dry saturated steam (M3/kg)

Density of the steam:

Specific mass of the steam in a volume of  one M3. is the reciprocal of specific volume.

Dry Saturated Steam :

Dry saturated steam is the sum of enthalpy of saturated water and enthalpy of evaporation and is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water from freezing point to the temperature of evaporation (corresponding to given pressure p)and then convert it into dry saturated steam at that temperature and pressure.

Wet  Steam : 

The steam in the steam space of a boiler generally contains water mixed with it in the form of a mist  (fine  water  particles).  Such  a  steam is termed as wet steam. The quality of steam as regards its dryness is termed as dryness fraction.

Super Saturated Steam

The steam having lesser temperature and greater density with respect to the steam table values for a particular saturation pressure is called super saturated steam.

If the water is entirely evaporated and further heat is then supplied, the first effect on the steam is to make it dry if it is not already dry. The temperature of steam will then begin to increase with a corresponding increase in volume. Steam in this condition, heated out of contact with water, is said to be superheated. Superheating is assumed to take place at constant pressure. The amount of superheating is measured by the rise in temperature of the steam above its saturation temperature.

This condition is obtained when it is cooled by its own expansion in a nozzle. but it is very unstable and the steam soon resumes the saturated condition.

Absolute pressure:

Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure

(Atmospheric pressure at 1.01325 bar or kg/cm2, i.e. normal atmospheric pressure on the sea level at 0°C).

The formulae of Regnault Given

Q  = T

λ = 607 – 0.7 T

H  = Q + λ = 607 + 0.3T

Q = sensible heat supplied to unit weight of water to raise it from freezing point to to T oC expressed in Kcal/kg

λ = latent heat of vaporization of water at ToC i.e. the quantity of heat to change unit weight of  water into steam at the same temperature, in kcal/kg “

H = total heat to be supplied to unit weight of water, starting at 0°C (32°F), to change it to steam at T° C, expressed in kcal/kg

Online Calculator of Steam Table for Saturated Steam

Please click here

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12 thoughts on “Definitions in Steam Properties and Online Steam Table For Saturated steam

    U.Rajesh

    (April 4, 2017 - 1:29 pm)

    Good keep it up

    Sanjeev Kumar

    (July 7, 2017 - 10:28 am)

    Very good information….for ou

    Vincent Oliveth

    (July 11, 2017 - 10:14 am)

    Very good work sir.

      siva alluri

      (July 12, 2017 - 7:08 am)

      Thank you very much to your valuable comment sir

    Patil AR

    (September 2, 2017 - 7:36 pm)

    I require heat balance calculations fo Multiple effect sugar juice evaporator

    Ramesh Chand Agarwal

    (October 29, 2017 - 2:56 pm)

    Excellent

    Rajendra Tatoba Shirdhone

    (April 25, 2018 - 5:34 pm)

    Very good sir
    Thanks

    Umar hayat

    (May 11, 2022 - 7:02 am)

    What will be the specific volume of exhaust steam if Temperature is 180 degree C and pressure is 1.3 kg/cm² gauge
    Can we see the value against temperature or pressure??
    Kindly guide me

      siva alluri

      (May 11, 2022 - 2:37 pm)

      In this online calculator having two options for getting the values like specific volume. One is based on pressure and another is based on temperature.

    P V RAMANAIAH

    (May 28, 2023 - 6:36 am)

    suppose we want crush 9500 cane the following heating surface is sufficient in evaporator
    A-set b-set c-set
    sk 2600 2600 3000(ffe)
    robert 2800 2800 1000 plus 1000
    robert 2800 2800 560plus 440
    robert 1000 1000 440
    robert 600 600 440

      siva alluri

      (June 8, 2023 - 2:24 pm)

      All mentioned in above bodies are in working or any standby

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