Sugar Factory Clarification Section Capacity Requirement Calculations

Sugar Plant Clarification House Capacity Calculation | Sugar Mill

Here discussed about sugar mill capacity calculation for the Clarification section like pumps, juice reaction tank, lime and sulphur requirement, juice clarifier, vacuum filters … etc.

1. Raw Juice Pump

Raw juice pump is also called Mixed juice pump or screened juice pump.

Screen juice % cane vary from 100 to 120% depend upon the type of juice extraction system like milling or diffuser

In Milling plant raw juice % cane having 100 to 105%

In diffuser plant raw juice % cane having 110 to 120%.

Example:

Crushing Rate    –  230 TCH  ( 5000 TCD / 22 = 230 TCH )

Juice % cane      – 105%

Juice Density      – 1.06 gm/ml

Raw Juice Pump capacity = 230 x 105% / 1.06 = 228 M3/hr

Generally pump capacity consider 20% extra on requirement.

So 228 x 120% = 273 M3/hr

2. Screen Juice tank or Raw Juice tank

Screen Juice tank capacity consider as per retention time on same. It required minimum 8 to 10 minutes retention time

Example:

Juice Quantity  –  228 m3/hr  = 228/60 = 3.8 m3/min.

Screen Juice tank capacity = 3.8 x 8 = 30 M3 = 300 HL

3. Phosphoric Acid Dosing Tank and its pump

Phophoric Acid Dosing require as per properties of raw juice. The maximum dosing consider 100 to 200 PPM on juice quantity

Example

Juice quantity                     = 230 T/hr

Phosphoric acid                 = 150 PPM

P2 O5 % in given H3PO4 = 85%

Quantity of phosphoric acid = 230 x 150 ppm / 0.85 = 40.6 Kg/hr

Holding volume required = 40.6 x 8 hrs = 325 Kg   ≈ 0.5  M3

This capacity applicable without dilution of chemical. If dilution require the capacity to be increased as per dilution ratio. The pump capacity also consider as per the dilution factor.

Phosphoric Acid (H3 PO4 ) Dosing in Sugar Industry | Online Calculator

4. Juice Heaters

In sugar process juice heating carryout in three stages – Raw juice heating, Treated juice heating and clear juice heating

Raw juice heating       –  From 30 0C to 75 0C

Treated Juice heating –  From 73 0C to 102 0C

Clear juice heating      – From 95 0C to 102 0C

Design aspects of Juice Heater

1. Properties of heating media ( Steam / Vapour / hot water )
2. Temperature and velocity of Juice
3. Efficient removal of condensate water  & non-condensable gases.
4. Heat transfer coefficient
5. Less retention time of juice in Juice heater.

Best steam economy option for Raw Juice Heating in sugar industry

Juice heating purpose used three types of heaters –  shell and tube multipass tubular juice heater, Direct contact heaters and Plate heat exchanger.

To find the heating surface of shell and tube & plate type heaters used the formula

Heat received by heated media(juice) = Heat rejected by heating media( vapour/hot water)

M x Cp x ΔT = K x S x ΔTm

ΔTm = LMTD = Log Mean Temperature Difference

\bigtriangleup Tm = \frac{\bigtriangleup T inlet \ - \ \bigtriangleup Toutlet}{Log _{e} \ [\bigtriangleup T inlet \ / \ \bigtriangleup Toutlet]}

ΔTinlet = Ti – ti ( Co current Flow)

ΔT outlet = To – to (Co current Flow)

Here “Ti” and “To” are heating media inlet and outlet temperatures &

” ti”  and “to” are juice inlet and outlet temperatures.

If using the vapour as a heating media then Ti = To = Tv ( since latent heat only transfer from vapour to juice)

This equation can be simplified as

S \times K = Q \ \times Cp \ \times \ Log_{e} \frac{(Tv - ti)}{(Tv - to)}

Example:

Crushing rate = 230 TCH  and juice % cane = 105%

S = Heat transfer surface area in m2
M = Quantity of material to be heating or cooling =  241500 kg/hr
Cp = Specific heat of material  = 0.92 Kcal/kg/oC
K = Overall heat transfer Coefficient  = 510 Kcal/m2/hr/oC
Tv = Vapour temperatures = 85 oC
ti = juice inlet temperature = 50 oC
to = juice outlet temperature = 70 oC

Now from the above formula Heating surface = 360 m2

For more information go through the below links

Shell and Tube Multipass Heat Exchanger Design | Tubular juice heater

Direct Contact Heater (DCH) Design Calculation with Online Calculator

Plate Heat Exchanger Working | PHE Application in Sugar Industry Process

Some approximate values in juice heaters capacity calculation

Velocity in tubular juice heaters – 1.7 to 1.8 m/sec

Every 10 oC juice temperature rising required steam = 1.8 % on cane

Steam required for juice heating station – 12 to 15% on cane

Head loss in tubular juice heaters = 12 to 16 mwc

Head loss in plate type heaters = 10 to 12 mwc

5. Juice reaction Vessel

The holding volume of the reaction vessel maintained 7 to 8 minutes

Juice coloumn height should be maintained  2.0 to 2.4 metres

Treated juice receiving tank – It is consider 50 to 60% on reaction vessel holding volume

Example:

Crushing rate = 230 TCH  and juice % cane = 120% (including mud juice)

Juice flow rate =276 T/hr = 276/1.06 = 260 m3 /hr ( 1.06 Density of juice)

Holding volume of the reaction vessel = 260 x 7 / 60 = 30 M3 = 300 HL

Treated juice receiving vessel capacity = 300/2 = 150 HL

Treated juice pump –  Generally pump capacity consider 20% extra on requirement.

So 260 x 120% = 320 M3/hr

For more details go through the below link

Juice Defecator and Juice Sulphitor Design Criteria | Online Calculator

6. Lime station

Requirement of lime depend upon the process like defecation or sulphitation.

Lime station capacity consider 2 to 3 time more then our requirement. (preparation of lime will be twice or thrice per day only)

  • In sulphitation process lime%cane – 0.16 to 0.22
  • In Defication process lime%cane – 0.12 to 0.15
  • So depend upon the lime requirement we calculate capacity of lime station
  • For capacity of milk of lime (MOL) storage tanks purpose considered minimum 8 hours holding volume
  • Lime pump capacity –  100% extra on actual requirement of MOL

Example:

Crushing rate = 210 TCH and lime%cane = 0.2

Lime requirement = 210 x 0.2% = 420 kg/hr

Lime station capacity = 420x 3 = 1260 kg/hr  ≈ 1200 Kg/hr

So lime elevator, lime slaker, lime classifier and grit separator shall be installed to suit 1200 kg/hr lime.

Consider 8º Baume or 14.4 Brix  ( 1 Baume = 1.8 brix )

For the preparation of lime solution, the water requirement is 12.5 kg / kg of lime at 8º Be

MOL requirement = 420 x (12.5+1) = 5670 Liters/hr  ≈ 6 M3/hr

Hence the MOL storage tank capacity requirement = 6 x 8 = 48 m3 = 500 HL  ( 2 nos. –  250 HL )

MOL pump capacity =  6 x 2 =12 M3/hr

7. Sulphur Station

Sulphur requirement – 0.05 to 0.08 % on cane. Out of the total requirement of the sulphur consider 2/3rd for juice sulphitation and 1/3rd for syrup sulphitation.

Sulphur Melter | Sulphur Melting process in sugar processing industry

Air requirement for SO2 gas generation

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a gas resulting from the combustion of sulphur and oxygen

S + O2 \rightarrow SO2

Hence, 1 kg of sulphur requires 1 kg of oxygen, the reaction releases 2,217 Kcal per kg of sulphur

So theoretical quantity of air required 4.3 times the weight of sulphur ( Air contains 23.15% of oxygen by weight).
Practically for complete combustion of sulphur  to be proved 100% excess air, a weight of air equal to 8 to 9 times the weight of sulphur.

Generally, 12- 16% SO2 gas is obtained, or an average of 14%.

Example:

Crushing rate = 210 TCH  and sulphur %cane = 0.1

Sulphur required = 210 x 0.1 = 210 Kg/hr

For juice sulphitation = 210 x 2/3 = 140 kg/hr &

For syrup sulphitation = 210 x 1/ 3 = 70 kg/hr

Sulphur bunners capacity should be minimum 140 kg/hr for juice side and 70 kg/hr for syrup side sulphitation.

Air blowers capacity required 1250 M3/hr (140 x 9 ) for juice side sulphur bunner and 650 (70 x 9) M3/hr for syrup side sulphitation.

8. Juice Clarifier

Clarifier or subsider is a vessel into which the juice to be settled is fed uniformly and continuously, The clear juice obtained is similarly withdrawn from the upper part of the subsider in an equally uniform and continuous manner, as also are the muds from the lower portion.

Most commonly 3 types of clarifiers used in sugar plant

Rapi-Dorr 444
Graver clarifier
Short retention clarifier

The capacity of the clarifier for Rapi- Dorr and graver consider retention time 2.5 to 3 hours. For short retention time clarifier consider the retention time 40 to 50 minutes.

Example:

Crushing rate = 210 TCH  and juice %cane = 120%, calculate the capacity of Rapi-Dorr

Juice flow rate = 210 x 120% = 252 T/hr = 252 / 1.06 = 238 M3/hr

Holding volume of the clarifier = V = 238 x 2.5 = 595 M3

According to mud setting rate the height of the each compartment maintained as 5 feet each then total height of the clarifier is 20 feet ( 4 compartments x 5 feet)

Dia of the clarifier = D & height = H = 6.096 m

V = 0.785 x D2 x H

D = 11.150 metres

According to standard sizes of Rapi-dorr 444 as follow as

Size                                Volume

18 Feet x 20 Feet     –  133 M3
20 Feet x 20 Feet     –  164 M3
22 Feet x 20 Feet     –   199 M3
24 Feet x 20 Feet     –   237 M3
26 Feet x 20 Feet     –   278 M3
28 Feet x 20 Feet     –   322 M3
30 Feet x 20 Feet     –   370 M3
32 Feet x 20 Feet     –   421 M3
34 Feet x 20 Feet    –   474 M3
36 Feet x 20 Feet    –   533 M3

Clarifiers Flash tank design formulas with online calculation

Flocculants Used in Sugar Processing | Flocculant Dosing Calculation

Clear juice pump capacity – Generally pump capacity consider 20% extra on requirement.

So 238 x 120% = 285 ≈ 300 M3/hr

9. Vacuum Filters

Vacuum filters capacity required – 0.6 to 0.7 m2/TCH

Filter cake production – 60 to 120 kg/ m2/hr

Mud Pump capacity- 20 to 25 % on raw juice

Filter Juice pump     – 15 to 20% on raw juice

Bagacillo required   – 4 to 8 kg per TCH

Cake wash water     –  100 to 150% on filter cake quantity or 4 to 6% on cane

Bagacillo Blower     – Calculate on the basis of 6.25 m3 of air will be required per kg of bagacillo.

Example:

Rotary vacuum filter Equipment capacity calculation

10. Syrup Sulphitor

The holding volume of the syrup sulphitor maintained 12 to 15 minutes

Juice coloumn height should be maintained  1.5 to 1.8 metres

Syrup % cane consider around 25%

Example:

Crushing rate = 230 TCH  and syrup %cane = 25%,

Syrup Quantity   – 230 x 25% = 57.50 T/hr = 57.50 / 1.2 = 48 M3/hr ( Specific volume of syrup ≈ 1.2 )

Holding volume of the syrup sulphitor = 48 x 12 / 60 = 9.6 M3 ≈ 100 HL

Thumb rule for syrup sulphitor capacity  in HL = TCD x 2%

Syrup pump capacity – Generally pump capacity consider 20% extra on requirement.

So 48 x 120% = 57.6 m3 ≈ 60 m3/hr

11. Syrup Clarification

Syrup Clarification Design for Plantation white sugar manufacturing

sugar Industry Clarification section capacity requirement calculations | sugar mill calculation | sugar plant design calculation | Boiling House capacity

Related Articles

Sugar Plant Capacity Calculation

Clarification House

Evaporator Section

Pan Section (Crystallization)

Centrifugal section &  Sugar House

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31 thoughts on “Sugar Factory Clarification Section Capacity Requirement Calculations

    Pradeep kumar

    (July 10, 2018 - 2:19 am)

    Sir very nice …..Falling film evaporator working calculation kaise hoge plz reply

    KANAGARAJ

    (July 15, 2018 - 5:07 am)

    Very Usefull for Sugar factory working people ,particulorly Sugar boilers

      siva alluri

      (July 15, 2018 - 1:36 pm)

      Thank you Mr.KANAGARAJ

        Rajasekaran.g

        (January 14, 2023 - 6:42 pm)

        Cold condition Raw juice fiilter remove all the bagacillo from RAW juice.

      Mehran

      (September 30, 2022 - 10:18 pm)

      Hi
      I am interested in sharing my experience particularly using new automatic systems at your discussion about boilers, clarification, diffusion, evaporators in sugar factories.

    Ulhas Patil

    (July 25, 2018 - 5:05 am)

    One of the best guide/friend/colleague for the peoples working in sugar industry. Sugar process Tech is our partner in our growth. Thank you.

      siva alluri

      (July 25, 2018 - 1:54 pm)

      Thank you for your support

      We request to all technologists participate in this website through send articles. We will publish articles with complete author details with photo so definitely it will show your identity to world

    Ram Ratan Mathur

    (July 29, 2018 - 10:05 am)

    Sir,
    You have done a wonderful job for sugar technologist but Point No 3 Phosphoric acid dosing tank capacity given is 500 Cubic Mtr is incorrect It will be 0.5 Cubic Mtr.

    Sudhir Rajbanshi

    (August 20, 2018 - 3:04 pm)

    Dear Sir,
    In 1980s I was associated with installation of sugar mills in UP and other parts of India.

    I need a feedback reg. the capacity (1250 TCD) expandable to what capacity to 2250 or 2500 tcd? Cud u KLY confirm on priority at my e-mail I’d or msg to my mob. 9315558936 asap.

    Rgds
    Sudhir Rajbanshi

    Jagtap Bhagwan Gorakshanath

    (October 22, 2018 - 7:39 am)

    sir very nice information….
    But sir I have 1 dout… Can you clear it plz…?
    How I can calculate waest water generate after crushing of sugar by using crashing capacity of sugar factory .
    Eg… How many waest water generate after crushing 1ton of sugar cane…?
    Plz help

      siva alluri

      (October 23, 2018 - 3:30 pm)

      We will provide an article regarding cold and hot water balance soon
      Generally excess hot water in the rage of 75% to 85% on cane out of that consuming for process 50% to 60%. So remaining excess hot water having 20% to 30%.

      Waste water generation in sugar plant process approximately having 100 to 200 liters/ ton of cane

    Prakash Patil

    (April 23, 2019 - 12:17 pm)

    Very nice & useful information for technocrats. You have covered all point, with simplicity. Thanks.

    Vaibhav R

    (January 9, 2020 - 5:28 am)

    Sir Please solve heating surface formula of juice heater with conversions and simplification

    Hareram Gupta

    (August 19, 2020 - 6:29 am)

    Dear Sirs,
    Very helpful for your given literature
    thanks

    Zafar Bukhari

    (October 6, 2020 - 3:40 am)

    Thank You Very Much very pragmatic information

    Kumaraguru.N

    (March 17, 2021 - 7:59 am)

    What is the mud settling speed maximum & minimum in flocculants jar test study, in Lab trial

    Shivagouda Patil

    (July 29, 2021 - 8:21 pm)

    Sir please send mill house related calculations like openings of mill fibrizor etc

    Omprakash khandelwal

    (May 18, 2022 - 11:45 am)

    Lime elevator capacity calculations with example please send. Thanks
    Opkhandelwal

      siva alluri

      (May 19, 2022 - 4:14 am)

      Elevator capacity
      Velocity of belt/chain(V)=∏DN
      Drive Shaft Drum dia (D) in mm
      Drive Shaft Rpm (N) = motor rpm/gear box ratio
      No. of buckets per min = V/P
      Pitch of buckets (P) in mm
      No. of buckets per hr. = (V/P) x 60
      Capacity of elevator = No. of buckets per hr. x Each bucket capacity
      Bucket volume to be considered 50% to 60% with density correction

    shantaram R. Sahane

    (August 18, 2023 - 8:58 am)

    Sir . I need a entrainment catcher design design calculations for Robert type last body evaporator.

    Pramod Bonde

    (September 21, 2023 - 5:16 am)

    Sir, Nice information

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