Raw Sugar Making Process with Flow Chart and specifications

Contents

Know About Raw Sugar Manufacturing Process

In this sugar article discussed about raw sugar definition, basic steps for raw sugar making process and raw sugar specifications.

What is Raw Sugar:

Raw Sugar is producing from sugar cane or beet by ordinary process known as Defecation process.  According to Peter Rein raw sugar can be defined as  “Brown sugar produced in a raw sugar mill generally destined for further processing to refined sugar”.

a) It is Unwashed centrifugal sugar with minimum polarization 96.5o .

b) Raw sugar surrounded by the original film of molasses, to be further refined or reprocessed for making it direct consumption sugar.

Flow Chart of Raw Sugar Process

Raw sugar manufacturing process flow chart step by step | flow chart of raw sugar making process -sugarprocesstech

The main steps in raw sugar making process:

Juice Extraction

The following technologies are using the extraction of juice from sugar cane or sugar beet

Milling Technology 

In this process follow four or five stages (set of mills) for juice extraction in milling process. According to that the set of mills the system is called as 5-Milling Tandem or 4-Milling Tandem.

Concept in Milling Tandem in sugar industry for Raw sugar manufacturing process from sugarcane

The milling tandem hot water is used for maximum extraction of juice from prepared cane. This hot water is also called imbibition water.

Mill sanitation

The first important operation in the Raw sugar manufacture is the “sanitation”. Every unit from mills to conveyors is kept clean to prevent the bacterial infection. To control the growth of dextran the good quality mill sanitation chemicals should be used in optimum dose. The growth of dextran should be controlled through proper sanitation.

For more information regarding the Milling Process please go through the below link

Concept in Milling Tandem in sugar industry

milling tandem concepts in sugar industry -sugarprocesstech

Diffusion Technology

In the Diffusion process, sugar extraction from cane or sugar beet is actually effected by rupturing the cell of the prepared cane or beet cell and then washing the ruptured cells with hot water or low concentrated juice obtained in the same process.cane diffuser and baggase diffuser for extraction of juice in Raw sugar manufacturing process from sugarcane or sugar beetMills Vs Diffusers Technologies for Juice extraction systems in sugar industry

Mills and diffusers Technology in Juice extraction systems of sugar industry, diffuser technology in sugar industry, Sugar Plant Milling vs Diffuser process , milling in sugar industry | sugarprocesstech

Defecation Process

The process of Defecation is used in the clarification process of  raw sugar and also Organic sugar  manufacturing industry.

After extraction of the juice from sugar cane by milling or diffuser  technology is subjected to defecation process. This process can be defined as a neutralize the raw juice by adding of lime (add in the form of Milk of lime).

a) This is the oldest & cheapest method of juice clarification

b) In this process lime & heat are two basic agents.

c) The lime and heat treatment forms a heavy precipitate of complex composition.

d) Contains in soluble lime salts, coagulated albumin, and varying proportion of the fats, waxes and gums.

e) Phosphoric acid is added to increase P2O5 content of juice to 300 ppm.

f) Then lime added to neutralize organic acids,

d) Besides insoluble tricalcium phosphate [Ca3 (PO4)] is also formed which occludes colloids & suspended impurities.

For more information regarding the Defication process please go through the below link

Concepts of Juice Defecation Process in Raw Sugar Manufacturing Process

concept of Juice defecation process in sugar industry - sugarprocesstechSettling

The limed juice or deficated juice or treated juice is heated up to 1020 C to 1030 C and then sent to clarifier for settling & further filtration purpose.

The function of juice clarifier is to separate insoluble solids in limed juice (Deficated juice), which are in “flocs” by means of settling and allowing the clear Juice.

The settling process separates the treated juices treated into two layers of clear juice which rises to the top surface and mud which collects at the bottom of the clarifer.

The different types of clarifier design to carryout this separation as completely and rapidly as possible. Normally settling aid is added so as to maintain the juice free from suspended matter and turbidity.

The settled mud in clarifier contains also having sugar so it will be extracted by using  vacuum filters or decanters technology. The extracted juice in vacuum filters is again sent back to the defication process.

Evaporation

The clarified juice sent to evaporator bodies to increase its solid concentration. After evaporation it is called as a syrup.

In the process of evaporation, the concentration of clear juice is carried out  until the percentage of solids has reached upto 60% 70% as per the requirement. This evaporation process is conducted under a system of multiple effect evaporators as per the view of energy conservation.

Robert Evaporator Design

Evaporator Design formulas and important design considerations with online calculator-sugarprocesstech

Crystallization

The concentrated juice means syrup is subjected to process of crystallization. In the crystallization process consists of concentration of syrup and formation of sugar crystal. This process is done by vacuum  pans.

Straight there massecuite boiling scheme is followed for raw sugar making has to be taken to ensure uniformity and proper size of sugar grains. The raw sugar crystals are surrendered by thin film of molasses and thus having brownish appearance. 

Three massecuite boiling scheme for raw sugar production process | sugarprocesstechThe massecuite produced from vacuum  pans is dropped to cylindrical or ‘U’ shaped vessel equipped with slow speed stirring element which is called as a crystalliser.

Centrifuging and Drying

The massecuite from  crystallizers is taken into centrifugals to for the separation of sugar crystals and molasses. The centrifugal machine in which crystals in the massecuite are separated by using centrifugal force from the surrounding molasses or syrup.

Batch Centrifugal machine capacity and gravity factor

In raw sugar production, use little bit of washing of ” A massecuite” sugar in the Centrifugal and it is to be followed as per the output raw sugar colour requirement.  After centrifuging, the raw sugar dying flowed by cooling on hopper by blowing hot and cold air. Bagging temp should be maintained near to room temperature to prevent caking of raw sugar. The raw sugar should be quickly moved to refined sugar process  as far as possible or otherwise to be stored in humid proof godown.

Specifications of Raw Sugar

Sr.No.        Characteristic    Requirement
1  POL ( min in  %) 95.6
2 R.S. by mass  ( max in  %) 1
3  Sulphited ash % by mass (max %) 0.8
3  Ash % by mass  ( max in %) 0.8
4  Safety factor  ( min in %) 0.3
5  Crystal size  ( material to be retain on 0.5mm IS sieve %) 95
6  Sulphur dioxide  ( max in ppm) 20

Specifications of  VHP (Very High Pol) Raw Sugar

Sr.No.        Characteristic    Requirement
1  POL ( min in  %) 99.0 to 99.5
2  Moisture (Max in %) 0.08 to 0.15
3  R.S. by mass  ( max in  %) 0.1 to 0.12
4  Ash % by mass  ( max in %) 0.1 to 0.13
5  Colour in ICUMSA 800 to 1200 IU
6  Starch ( max in ppm) 200 to 250
7  Dextran ( max in ppm) 100 to 150

Raw sugar making process- sugarprocesstech.com

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Post Author: siva alluri

The aim of this Blog "sugarprocesstech" is Providing basic to advance knowledge in sugar process industry and providing maximum calculation regarding capacity and equipment design online calculators .

8 thoughts on “Raw Sugar Making Process with Flow Chart and specifications

    G.Ramesh

    (March 23, 2017 - 12:34 pm)

    Sir ash/to be less than 0.040

      admin

      (March 24, 2017 - 12:29 pm)

      Dear Ramesh,
      Thanks for commenting on post of raw sugar concept.
      Here I have given Ash% 0.1 to 0.12 correct for raw sugar, but for white and refined sugar this value is below 0.04%.

      Please refer Cane sugar engineering by Peter Rein page no.487& 488,
      Also refer 45th SISSTA Journal 2015, ” production of export quality raw sugar” page no.216

        James Zimba

        (March 9, 2023 - 4:44 pm)

        A very informative site I really enjoy reading.

    engr.imran

    (December 10, 2017 - 6:43 pm)

    what will happen if we get result of pol % bagasse 1.6 instead of 2.0

    raghvendra ravina i

    (October 19, 2018 - 5:44 pm)

    Your Message at raw sugar process its completed by batch machin ya conti machine.

    SUDHAKAR RAMRAO DESHMUKH

    (October 12, 2020 - 7:21 pm)

    High sugarcane to produce export quality raw sugar

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