Formulas to Find Juice Heater and Evaporator vapour Line Dia
Juice Heater Vapour Inlet Line Dia:
Required Data For Calculation:
1. Crushing Rate in TCH
2. Juice Percentage ( P) ( Like Mixed juice % cane , Sulphited juice% Cane, Clear juice% cane)
3. Specific heat of juice in Kcal/kg/oC ( Cp )
The specific heat of sucrose solutions is given by the equation:
Cp = 1 – 0.006 B
B = brix of the solution. ( This equation is close approximation)
This formula may be applied without serious error to juices, syrups, and molasses of different purities.)
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- a) Juice inlet temperature ( Ti ) in oC
- b) Juice outlet temperature ( To ) in oC
- c) Juice heater inlet vapour Temperature ( Tv) in oC
- d) Juice Heater inlet vapour velocity ( V ) in m/sec
- e) Latent heat of vapour of inlet vapour ( λ ) in Kcal/ kg ( It taken from the steam table)
- f) Specific Volume of inlet Vapour (Sp) in M3/kg ( It taken from the steam table)
Formula for Calculation:
Heat received by juice = Heat rejected by vapour
Qj x Cp x ΔT = W x λ
- Qj = Quantity of the juice in kg/hr (TCH x P x 1000/100)
- ΔT = To – Ti
- W = Required vapour quantity for juice heating getting in kg/hr after that it is to be converted into M3/sec by multiplying the specific volume of vapour
( Note : For equipment flexibility purposes it is better to consider 10% extra vapour on actual requirement )
I.e [ Qw = (W x Sp x 1.1) /3600]
Dia of vapour Line = SQRT [ Qw / (0.785 x Velocity of vapour) ]
Evaporator Body Vapour Inlet and Out Line Dia:
Required Data For Calculation:
- a) Evaporator Body Heating Surface ( H ) in m2
- b) Evaporation Rate of the body ( E ) in Kg/ hr/ m2 ( To take maximum value for calculating the vapour lines)
- c) Temperature of evaporator body Inlet vapour ( Ti ) in oC
- d) Temperature of evaporator body outlet vapour (To ) in oC
- f) Velocity of evaporator body inlet vapour (V i) in m/sec
- g) Velocity of evaporator body outlet vapour (V o) in m/sec
Evaporator Bodies Vapour Velocities Recommended by E.Hugot
Triple in m/sec | Quadruple in m/sec | Quintuple in m/sec | ||||
Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |
Exhaust steam to 1st effect | 25 | 30 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 30 |
Vapour from 1st effect | 30 | 35 | 30 | 35 | 30 | 35 |
Vapour from 2nd effect | 40 | 45 | 35 | 40 | 30 | 35 |
Vapour from 3rd effect | 50 | 60 | 40 | 45 | 35 | 40 |
Vapour from 4th effect | 50 | 60 | 40 | 45 | ||
Vapour from 5th effect | 50 | 60 |
As Per E.Hugot Apparent Heat Transfer Coefficients for Evaporator Bodies
Kcal/m2/oC/hr | ||||||
Triple Effect | Quadruple Effect | Quintuple Effect | ||||
Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |
1st effect | 2000 | 2500 | 2000 | 2400 | 2000 | 2400 |
2nd effect | 1500 | 1800 | 1400 | 1800 | 1400 | 1800 |
3rd effect | 800 | 1000 | 1000 | 1400 | 1300 | 1500 |
4th effect | 600 | 800 | 800 | 1000 | ||
5th effect | 500 | 600 |
E.Hugot recommended for Evaporation Rate of The Several Vessels of a multiple effect working under the condition of temperature drop from 120oC to 55oC
Triple Effect | Quadruple Effect | Quintuple Effect | ||||
Kg/m2/hr | Lb/Ft2/hr | Kg/m2/hr | Lb/Ft2/hr | Kg/m2/hr | Lb/Ft2/hr | |
1st effect | 53 | 11 | 37 | 7.6 | 28 | 5.7 |
2nd effect | 48 | 9.8 | 35 | 7.2 | 26 | 5.3 |
3rd effect | 43 | 8.8 | 32 | 6.6 | 25 | 5.1 |
4th effect | 28 | 5.7 | 25 | 5.1 | ||
5th effect | 17 | 3.5 |
For General Consideration of evaporation rate taken for calculations
Quadruple Effect in Kg/m2/hr | Quintuple Effect in Kg/m2/hr | |||
Max | Min | Max | Min | |
1st effect | 35 | 30 | 35 | 30 |
2nd effect | 30 | 25 | 30 | 25 |
3rd effect | 25 | 20 | 25 | 20 |
4th effect | 25 | 20 | 20 | 15 |
5th effect | 15 | 10 |
Formulas for calculation:
The specific volume of evaporator body inlet vapour ( Si ) in M3/kg(Taken from steam table)
The specific volume of evaporator body Outlet vapour ( So ) in M3/kg (Taken from steam table)
Volume of evaporator body inlet vapour in M3/sec = [ (H x E x Si) /3600]
Volume of evaporator body outlet vapour in M3/sec = [ (H x E x So) /3600]
( Note: For equipment flexibility purposes it is better to consider 10% extra vapour on actual requirement )
Dia of vapour Line = SQRT [ Volume of vapour / (0.785 x Velocity of vapour) ]
(SQRT = square root)
Online Calculator for Juice Heater Vapour Pipe Dia
Online Calculator for Evaporator Vapour Pipe Dia
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